The sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays are the primary cause of skin damage and skin cancer. UV rays can penetrate the skin and cause DNA damage, which can lead to genetic mutations and ultimately, skin cancer.
The two most common types of skin cancer caused by UV radiation are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are non-melanoma skin cancers. These types of skin cancer are often not life-threatening but can cause significant damage to the skin and surrounding tissues. Melanoma, on the other hand, is a more serious form of skin cancer that can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. This develops when UV radiation causes genetic mutations in the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the skin. These mutations can cause the cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the development of a tumour.
This is why it's so important to protect your skin from the sun's harmful rays. Exposure to UV radiation is not the only risk factor for skin cancer, but it is the most preventable. Other risk factors include fair skin, a family history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and a history of severe sunburns. By taking steps to protect your skin from the sun, such as wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and using sunscreen, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing skin cancer. Be sure to regularly check your skin for any changes or abnormalities and to see a dermatologist if you notice any unusual moles or spots. Early detection is key to successfully treating skin cancer.